Batch or periodic process And Continuous process

- March 17, 2024

Batch or periodic process And Continuous process

Batch or periodic process

· The process in which raw materials are fed to the apparatus periodically is called batch process.

· In this process the raw material are loaded and production drawn step by step

· This process is used where small quantity of product is needed

· This process is more flexible than continuous process

· Capital investment is low in batch process

· Due to man handling of material, larger number of workers are needed hence greater operating cost.

· No automation

· Quality of product varies from batch to batch.

· Batch production is most common in bakeries and in the manufacture of sports shoes, pharmaceutical ingredients, Soap manufacturing, purifying water, inks, paints and adhesives.

ADVANTAGES:

} There are several advantages of batch production; it can reduce initial capital outlay (the cost of setting up the machines).

} Batch production can be useful for small businesses who cannot afford to run continuous production lines.

} If a retailer buys a batch of a product that does not sell, then the producer can cease production without having to sustain huge losses.

} A variety of different products can be made using the plant.

} Slow reactions can be carried out.

} Batch production is also useful for a factory that makes seasonal items, a trial run for production, or products that have a high profit margin

Disadvantages:

} Risk of contamination if more than one than one product made in reaction vessel.

} Can be difficult to control highly exothermic reactions.

} Batch production also has some drawbacks. There are inefficiencies associated with batch production as equipment must be stopped, re-configured, and its output tested before the next batch can be produced.

Continuous process

The process in which raw material are fed up continuously to apparatus is called as continuous process.

§ In this process raw material are loaded and product is drawn continuous

§ This process is used when large quality of product is needed

§ Continuous process are less flexible than batch process

§ Capital investment is high as compared to batch process

§ Operating cost is low

§ It is automatic

§ Quality of product is uniform

§ Continuous production is a flow production method used to manufacture, produce, or process materials without interruption. Continuous production is called a continuous process or a continuous flow process because the materials, either dry bulk or fluids that are being processed are continuously in motion, undergoing chemical reactions or subject to mechanical or heat treatment.

§ Continuous usually means operating 24 hours per day, seven days per week with infrequent maintenance shutdowns, such as semi-annual or annual. Some chemical plants can operate for more than one or two years without a shutdown. Blast furnaces can run four to ten years without stopping.

Advantages:

§ More cost effective if large quantities of the chemical are being made.

§ Reduced processing time of work pieces

§ Control of the entire course of production

§ Automated process requires less labour

Disadvantage

§ High capital cost of setting up the plant.

§ Costs rise if plant not operated continuously

§ Low flexibility in changing products

§ High receptiveness to malfunctions since a single fault can stop the entire course of production

Factor	Continuous	Batch
Cost of factory equipment	High	Low
Rate of production	High	Low
Shut-down times	Rare	Often
Workforce	Few people needed	Many people needed
Ease of automation	Relatively easy	Relatively difficult