What is Heat Transfer? Heat Transfer Operations (Chemical Engineering-Basic Chemical Engineering)

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Chemical Engineering

Basic Chemical Engineering


What is Heat Transfer?

Heat is moved spontaneously from one body to another when it is cooler, a dynamic process known as heat transfer. The rate of heat transmission is influenced by the temperature differences between the bodies; the larger the temperature differential, the faster the rate of heat transfer.

The driving force behind heat transfer is consequently the temperature difference between the heat source and the heat receiver. The driving force is increased by an increase in temperature differential, which also increases the rate of heat transfer. The heat is transferred between two bodies through a medium that, in general, provides resistance to the heat flow. The rate of heat transmission is impacted by both the temperature differential and the heat flow resistance. Similar to other rate processes, the following general equation links these variables:

 
 

rate of transfer = driving force / resistance for heat transfer:

 
rate of heat transfer = temperature difference/ heat flow resistance of medium
 
 

Heat Transfer Operations

 There are three ways to transfer heat: conduction, radiation, and convection.

 

  • In conduction, molecular energy is transferred directly from hotter to cooler regions when neighbouring molecules with lower energy levels receive some of the energy from the more energetic molecules.

 

  • Convection is the movement of clusters of molecules inside a fluid that results in the transmission of heat. Changes in density or the forced motion of the fluid can both move the molecular groups.

 

  • Radiation is the process by which heat energy is transferred from one body to another via electromagnetic waves, just as electromagnetic light waves do the same for light energy.

 

Generally speaking, heat is transported through conduction in solids and through conduction and convection in fluids. Open space allows for the radiational passage of heat.

 


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