Chemistry and Chemical Engineering

 تجزیاتی کیمسٹری کیا ہے؟  مادے کی ساخت اور ساخت کے بارے میں معلومات کے حصول,  اور منتقلی کے مطالعہ کو تجزیاتی کیمسٹری کہا جاتا ہے۔ دوسرے طریقے سے دیکھیں، یہ مادہ کیا ہے اور اس میں کتنا حصہ ہے اس کا پتہ لگانے کا فن اور سائنس ہے۔ تجزیاتی کیمیا ایک مشکل شعبہ ہے جو سائنس کے بہت سے شعبوں میں  اہم کردار ادا کرتا ہے۔ تجزیاتی کیمسٹری کی مثالیں  خوراک، ادویات، اور پانی کی حفاظت اور معیار کی یقین دہانی۔ اس بات کو یقینی بنانا کہ ماحولیاتی اور دیگر معیارات پر عمل کیا جائے۔ قانونی عمل میں مدد کرنا۔ بیماریوں کی تشخیص میں معالجین کی مدد کرنا۔ تجارت اور تجارت کے لیے اہم اقدامات اور دستاویزات فراہم کرنا۔   Basic Chemical Engineering       Importance of plant location       What is Engineering? what is Chemical Engineering?   Chemistry and its branches Heat Transfer   simultaneous heat and mass transfer   Seperation Process-Extraction       Seperation Process - Condensation   ...

کیمسٹری کیا ہے؟ کیمسٹری سائنس کا ایک ایسا شعبہ ہے جو ایٹموں اور مالیکیولز سے بنے مادے کے ساتھ ساتھ ان کی خصوصیات، ساخت، برتاؤ اور دیگر مادے کے اجزاء کے ساتھ تعامل کا مطالعہ کرتا ہے۔ کیمسٹری مطالعہ کے لیے ایک دلچسپ موضوع ہے۔ ہم سب کسی نہ کسی طرح کیمسٹری میں گھرے ہوئے ہیں۔ ایٹم اور مالیکیول ہمارے ارد گرد کی ہر چیز کو بناتے ہیں، بشمول ہمارے اپنے جسم۔ کھیتوں میں خوراک کی پیداوار سے لے کر کچن میں خوراک کی تیاری تک، سائیکل سے لے کر خلائی راکٹ تک، فون سے لے کر کمپیوٹر تک، کیمسٹری ہمارے روزمرہ کے اعمال میں نظر آتی ہے۔ ڈھانچے میں استعمال ہونے والا اسٹیل، پلاسٹک کے تھیلوں میں استعمال ہونے والے پولیمر، سیل فون کی بیٹریاں، فوٹو سنتھیس، ڈٹرجنٹ، کپڑے، رنگ اور، مشروبات وغیرہ اس کی چند مثالیں ہیں کہ کیمسٹری کو کس طرح استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔ Basic Chemical Engineering       Importance of plant location       What is Engineering? what is Chemical Engineering?   Chemistry and its branches Heat Transfer   simultaneous heat and mass transfer   ...

 Solid waste management The growth of modern industries and world population bring out a huge amount of waste to our society. In order to survive in the near future, people have to control the waste at any cost. Solid waste management is concerned with collecting, transporting, recycling and disposing waste material. It is rather effective in reducing pollution, conserving energy and natural resources. Solid waste management occupies an important position in the improvement of our society. There are 3 main methods of solid waste management, namely land filling, incineration and recycling. Land Filling The first method of solid waste management is land filling. Landfills are used to treat waste by burying it under the soil. Land filling has traditionally been a primary method of waste disposal under the dirt and the let them decompose. Garbage is covered with a layer of soil to prevent it from blowing around. That method is very economical and convenient. However, we hav...

 Effects of industrial waste on environment It is very important to figure out the effects of industrial waste on environment. There are 3 main consequences. In the first place, industrial gaseous waste causes air pollution. Using fossil fuels such as gas, coal and oil to create electricity for power industries and manufacturing operations can produce toxic chemicals that are generated to the air through chimneys and exhaust pipes. Most of air pollutants include NOx, COx, SOx, etc. These chemicals increase the risks of suffering from cancer, lower respiratory systems . They can also cause ozone depletion and global warming. Next, water can be contaminated from pollutants entering the water sources from waste industries. Most of the industries drop their waste directly into the lakes, rivers and seas without treatment which makes water sources full of chemicals and turn into black. Water pollution poisons drinking water, damages the habitats of marine animals and irrigation s...

 Industrial waste is the waste produced by industrial activity which includes any material that is rendered useless during a manufacturing process of factories, mills and mines. Or Industrial waste refers to the solid, liquid and gaseous emissions, residual and unwanted wastes from an industrial operation. Industrial wastes are hazardous since they may be toxic, ignitable, reactive and leading to extensive pollution. Among the great variety of industrial wastes that are generated gases, acids, metallic compounds, oils, radioactive and complex synthetic chemicals. Types of Industrial waste To some extent, people divide industrial waste into 2 major categories: waste from heavy industry and waste from light industry. It contains a wide range of complex components. To simplify, put them into 3 core states: solid, liquid and gas.   Solid waste  Liquid waste  Gaseous waste Solid waste Solid waste refers to non-soluble material such as agricultural refuse, indust...

 Solid waste management The bloom of modern industries and world population bring out a huge amount of waste to our society. In order to survive in the near future, people have to control the waste at any cost. Solid waste management is concerned with collecting, transporting, recycling and disposing waste material. It is rather effective in reducing pollution, conserving energy and natural resources. Solid waste management occupies an important position in the improvement of our society. There are 3 main methods of solid waste management, namely land filling, incineration and recycling. Land Filling The first method of solid waste management is land filling. Landfills are used to treat waste by burying it under the soil. Land filling has traditionally been a primary method of waste disposal under the dirt and the let them decompose. Garbage is covered with a layer of soil to prevent it from blowing around. That method is very economical and convenient. However, we have...

Professional Field Within Chemical Engineering Chemical engineering is such a vast and complex field that one can not be expert in whole of the field. Chemical engineer can work in major fields within chemical engineering. These fields are;  Research Process  Development Process  Design And Evaluation  Plant Design  Construction  Production Supervision  Plant Technical Service  Product Sale  Research  Research means to introduce something new or to get knowledge and improvement on something well established. There are four basic types of researchers  Market research  Fundamental research  Exploratory research  Process research Market research   Before investing in any project a market research is first conducted to calculate which product in demand these days and out of them which are more profitable to manufacturer. Fundamental research  In this research a new theory is developed and tested experimen...

Role of the safety personnel The job of safety personnel is much diversified and is of high skill. He must be a knowledgeable in a wide range of technical, legal and administrative activities.  A safety professional should be knowledgeable in depth in all areas of accident prevention and capable of solving problems that may arise.  The safety personnel should be qualified by passing certain examinations and should be a certified safety professional. A group of consultants may be needed to review the plants and determine their compliances with OSHA and others prevailing standards of the country.  A second group may be knowledgeable in specific areas, such as flammable gases, toxic chemicals, explosives or mines.  The protection of personnel safety comes first followed by the protection of the environment. This protection includes the prevention of leakage or release of liquids, oil, chemicals, detergents, or noxious gases, metals, complexes deleterious substance. Prot...

Workers in a factory, a manufacturing plant or a chemical plant remain exposed to moving conveyers, machines, dangerous chemicals, heat, pressures, high electric fields, accelerating objects and other sources of hazards.  If workers are not protected from these hazards, there are chances of incidents to take place, which may result from a simple injury to death of a person. Types of Hazards in Industry Heat and Temperature Sources of heat: boilers, kilns, incinerators, evaporators and cryogenic facilities.  High and lower temperatures, heat and cold can directly lead to sources of injuries to personnel and also may damage the equipment.  The immediate means by which the temperature and heat can injure the personnel is through burns, which can injure the skin and muscles as well as other tissues below the skin. The same degrees of exposure may produce different effects, depending on the susceptibility of the person exposed.  High and low temperatures affect the person...