WASTE DISPOSAL METHODS AND ITS TREATMENT


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 Solid waste management

The bloom of modern industries and world population bring out a huge amount of waste to our society. In order to survive in the near future, people have to control the waste at any cost. Solid waste management is concerned with collecting, transporting, recycling and disposing waste material. It is rather effective in reducing pollution, conserving energy and natural resources. Solid waste management occupies an important position in the improvement of our society. There are 3 main methods of solid waste management, namely land filling, incineration and recycling.


Land Filling

The first method of solid waste management is land filling. Landfills are used to treat waste by burying it under the soil. Land filling has traditionally been a primary method of waste disposal under the dirt and the let them decompose. Garbage is covered with a layer of soil to prevent it from blowing around. That method is very economical and convenient. However, we have to consider its bad side. We should detect methane gas production and groundwater contamination when burying solid waste under the soil. To some extent, methane collected from that procedure will be used to generate electricity. Many landfills do not meet the requirements and guarantee the quality of Environmental Protection Agency.

New landfills are opposed because of public concern about groundwater contamination, costs of transportation and spaces for landfills. Nevertheless, as a piece of fact, land filling causes some environment problems, namely groundwater pollution, bad odor and methane. Now, a new kind of landfill is designed to minimize these consequences. Modern landfills often contain a gas extraction system to take out the gas generated during waste decomposing process. Next, this amount of gas will be used to produce electricity. However, fewer and fewer landfills are established each because of their bad odor and consuming many spaces. In fact, no one likes living in the areas of landfills.


Incineration

Another method of solid waste management is incineration which is defined as converting waste into heat to generate steam. In this method highly combustible waste like plastics, cardboard, paper, rubber, wood scrap etc are subjected to incineration. It is one of the most effective ways to manage solid waste. Incinerators dramatically reduce the amount of solid waste (up to 90% by volume and 75% by weight). That method minimizes the weak points of landfills. It requires fewer spaces than land filling and can be operated in any weather. Unlike landfills, it produces stable odor that is better than the previous methods.

However, incineration still has some limitation because it is expensive to build and operate incinerators and in need of skilled personnel and continuous maintenance and primary risks of incineration include air quality problem, toxicity and ash. Even when using modern techniques to control pollution, small amounts of pollutants are still generated into the environment and it costs much money to treat the ash generated incineration.


Recycling

The third method of solid waste management is recycling which accounts for 30% of the total solid waste management. People consider recycling to be the most effective way to manage waste. It refers to the collection and reuse of waste materials. It seems the best way to reduce pollution, conserve resources, save energy. The most common recyclable materials are aluminum cans, steel, bottles and papers and PVC plastic bags, containers, glass etc. The recycled materials will be then used to make new products which have the same purposes as the ones made from raw materials.

Actually, recycling is environmentally friendly but not all kinds of solid waste can such as medical waste and agricultural waste be recycled and the cost of recycling is so high. To sum up, there are 3 primary methods of solid waste management, including land filling, incineration and recycling. Each method owns distinguish strengths and weaknesses. It is better to combine these methods to gain the best utility. More than that, people should pay much attention to waste management and spend more on waste industries. 

 

 

Basic Chemical Engineering

      Importance of plant location

      What is Engineering? what is Chemical Engineering? 

Chemistry and its branches

Heat Transfer 

simultaneous heat and mass transfer 

Seperation Process-Extraction

      Seperation Process - Condensation

 

 General Study Short Notes

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