Saturated and Unsaturated Solution

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Saturated and Unsaturated Solution

NaCl, or table salt, dissolves easily in water. Assume you have some salt in a beaker of water and you agitate it till the salt dissolves. More is added, and that gets dissolved. No matter how long you stir it or how hard you stir it, the salt will finally dissolve to the point where you can no longer add more. Why? From a chemical perspective, we understand that the water's action splits the individual ions from the salt crystal and releases them into the solution, where water molecules keep them hydrated. Additionally, some of the dissolved ions crash with the crystal once more and stay there.The process of a dissolved solute returning to its solid state is known as recrystallization. The rate at which the dissolved solute is recrystallizing and the rate at which the solid salt is dissolving eventually equalize. The overall amount of dissolved salt stays the same after that point is achieved. The physical state characterized by the opposing processes of dissolution and recrystallization happening at the same rate is known as solution equilibrium. One of two equations can be used to depict the solution equilibrium for the sodium chloride dissolution:




                                                NaCl(s)⇌NaCl(aq)


The preferred equation additionally illustrates the dissociation that takes place when an ionic solid dissolves, even if the foregoing equation only depicts the change of state back and forth between solid and aqueous solution:


                                      NaCl(s)⇌Na+(aq)+Cl−(aq)


The solution is said to be saturated when it reaches the equilibrium point and no more solute will dissolve. A solution that has the greatest quantity of dissolveable solute in it is said to be saturated. The greatest quantity of NaCl that will dissolve in \100. \: \text{g}\) of water at 20oC is 36.0g. The solution is saturated, so if more NaCl is added after this, it won't dissolve. What would happen if the solution was instead given more water? In that instance, the additional solvent would be able to dissolve more NaCl. A solution that has less solute in it than the maximum amount that can dissolve is said to be unsaturated.




How can the saturation or unsaturation of a solution be determined? The initial solution was saturated if extra solute was added and it did not dissolve. The initial solution was unsaturated if the solute that was added dissolves. Saturation is required for a solution that has reached equilibrium but still has excess undissolved solute at the bottom of the container.

Summarize

  • The process of a dissolved solute returning to its solid state is known as recrystallization.
  • A solution that has the greatest quantity of dissolveable solute in it is said to be saturated.
  • A solution that has less solute in it than the maximum amount that can dissolve is said to be unsaturated.
  • When the rate of dissolution and the rate of recrystallization are equal, a solution equilibrium is reached.

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